Resumen: Existen pocos cuadros referentes a San Lucas como médico, uno de ellos se encuentra en el Museo del Prado y es atribuido a Juan de Sevilla con el nombre de San Lucas, que lo presenta practicando una cirugía sobre la cabeza. Se hace referencia a la actividad médica de San Lucas y el análisis del cuadro.

Abstract: There are few paintings referring to St. Luke as a doctor, one of them is in the Prado Museum and is attributed to Juan de Sevilla with the name of St. Luke, which presents him practicing surgery on the head. Reference is made to the medical activity of Saint Luke and the analysis of the painting.

Resumen El consumo se ha instaurado en las sociedades posmodernas como un medio regulador de las relaciones sociales. En este contexto, la compra compulsiva se establece como patológica y genera un malestar psicológico significativo en las personas, al punto de deteriorar el funcionamiento social y profesional. A esto se suman graves problemas económicos como producto del endeudamiento. Bajo este escenario, los jóvenes son particularmente sensibles, ya que con el consumo acceden a objetos simbólicos que forman parte de su construcción de identidad. Una dimensión relacionada con la compra compulsiva y el acceso al consumo bajo elementos simbólicos es la discrepancia del yo, la cual establece la distancia entre quién soy y quién me gustaría ser de acuerdo a patrones sociales que motivan el consumo como extensión del sujeto y materialización de la propia identidad. En base a lo anterior, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar el efecto de la discrepancia del yo sobre las actitudes hacia la compra compulsiva en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. A través de una regresión lineal múltiple se aprecia que la discrepancia del yo físico (belleza), económico y el sexo son predictores significativos de la compra compulsiva. De igual manera, se observa que las mujeres son un grupo con mayores puntuaciones en cuanto a las compras compulsivas que los hombres, las cuales pueden verse mayormente afectadas por el contexto, y las campañas de marketing pueden influir en una mayor brecha entre el yo real y el yo ideal.

Abstract Consumption has been established in postmodern societies as a means of regulating social relations. In this context, compulsive buying could be established as pathological, creating significant psychological discomfort in people, to the point of impairing social and professional functioning, coupled with serious economic problems resulting from indebtedness. Along the same lines, in the construction of a social identity and a socially shared reality, consumption patterns arise that are linked to what the public should be and what they want to be. Therefore, while compulsive buying has been conceptualized for decades, it is a substantial threat to psychological and financial well-being. Few studies have explored the link between self-discrepancy and compulsive buying within an identity construction context. In this scenario, it is young people who become particularly sensitive, since with consumption they access symbolic objects that are part of their identity construction and a dimension related to compulsive buying. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that access to the consumption of symbolic elements is self-discrepancy. That is why this research aims at determining the effect of the self-discrepancy on attitudes towards compulsive buying in Chilean university students. The study uses a quantitative, correlational, and non-experimental cross-sectional design. Study sample was comprised of 1 229 Chilean university students, who responded to the scale of attitudes towards consumption, the self-discrepancy scale, and answered questions for sociodemographic characterization including: gender (male/female), age, geographical area of residence (rural/urban), people with whom they live, and whether they have any bank credit cards. Prior to data collection, a letter was sent to Faculty Deans and Program Directors of all the universities associated with the Council of Rectors of Chile; these letters described the aims of the study, and requested information and authorization for the distribution of the instrument previously described. It is important to indicate that, after this, a random sampling process was initiated, after which each participant was contacted, so that they could sign an informed consent form, thus ensuring the anonymity ethical guidelines of the study. The data was processed through SPSS version 22 software, looking for the presence of univariate and multivariate outliers through Z-scores and Mahalanobis distance. A descriptive analysis of the variables was then carried out based on the dispersion, central trend and shape measurements. Subsequently, the data was analysed through bivariate statistics through Pearson correlations, to indicate into empirical relationships between compulsive purchase as a dependent variable and sociodemographic variables (sex and bank credit card holding) and the dimensions associated with the self-discrepancy (intellectual, physical, physical beauty, personal, social, emotional and economic) as independent variables. Once the behaviour of the variables was observed, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed. Regarding the results of this research, multiple linear regression shows that physical self-discrepancy (beauty), economic self-discrepancy and gender are significant predictors of compulsive buying. Similarly, it is noted that women are a group with higher scores in terms of compulsive purchases than men, which may be mostly affected by the context, where marketing campaigns can influence a greater gap between the real self and the ideal self.

Resumen: Introducción: actualmente, la fusión instrumentada lumbar por vía posterior se utiliza con mucha frecuencia. Una de sus complicaciones es la incorrecta colocación de los tornillos pediculares. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 57 años, el cual presentó sangrado importante tras la introducción de un tornillo pedicular lumbar durante cirugía por estenosis de canal lumbar. La incorrecta introducción del tornillo originó la inestabilidad hemodinámica intraoperatoria por lesión de la arteria segmentaria lumbar ocasionando hematoma del músculo psoas, además de sintomatología neurológica de nervios periféricos relacionados, llegando al diagnóstico por tomografía computarizada, con resolución mediante tratamiento conservador. Conclusión: la cirugía del dolor lumbar y fijación con tornillos pediculares es un procedimiento frecuente, efectivo y seguro; sin embargo, en caso de sangrado incontrolable en la introducción de los tornillos hay que tener en cuenta el daño vascular.

Abstract: Introduction: currently, posterior instrumented lumbar fusion is very frequently used. One of its complications is the poor position of the pedicle screws. Case report: a 57-year-old male presented significant bleeding after introducing a lumbar pedicle screw during surgery for lumbar canal stenosis. The wrong position of the screw caused intraoperative hemodynamic instability due to injury to the lumbar segmental artery, causing hematoma of the psoas muscle, in addition to neurological symptoms of related peripheral nerves, reaching the diagnosis by computed tomography, with the resolution by conservative treatment. Conclusion: surgery for low back pain and fixation with pedicle screws is a frequent, effective, and safe procedure; however, in case of uncontrollable bleeding when the screws are inserted, vascular damage must be considered.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar en qué medida la salud mental y bienestar subjetivo son predichas por el endeudamiento por motivos de estudio en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Temuco, Chile. Método: Una muestra no probabilística de 151 estudiantes universitarios de quinto año o superior de su respectiva carrera universitaria respondió a medidas de salud mental (DASS-21), de bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción con la vida y felicidad subjetiva), y del nivel de endeudamiento asumido para financiar sus estudios universitarios. Los análisis incluyeron regresiones lineales múltiples jerárquicas donde se incluyeron como variables independientes la variable género en un primer paso y el endeudamiento por créditos universitarios en el segundo paso. En cada regresión se incluyó un factor de salud mental y de bienestar subjetivo como variable dependiente. Resultados: Resultados indican que el endeudamiento por motivos de estudio predice significativa- mente satisfacción con la vida (F(2, 148) = 5,95, p = 0,003, R2Adjusted = 0,06; β =-0,16, p = 0,049), pero no predice felicidad subjetiva (p = n.s.) (factores de bienestar subjetivo), sintomatología depresiva (p = n.s.), ansiosa (p = n.s.), ni estrés (p = n.s.) (factores de salud mental). Conclusión: Resultados del estudio sugieren que los estudiantes universitarios pudieran percibir el endeudamiento estudiantil como una inversión hacia el futuro lo que pudiera operar como un factor protector de su salud mental y bienestar subjetivo.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate if debt due to university loans predicts mental health and subjective well-being in university students of Temuco, Chile. Method: A non-probabilistic sample of 151 last-year university students completed measures of mental health (DASS-21), of subjective well-being (satisfaction with life, and subjective happiness), and debt levels due to student loans. Analyses included hierarchical multiple linear regressions where gender was entered in a first step and debt due to university loans on a second step as independent variables. Each regression considered a factor of mental health or a factor of subjective well-being as the dependent variable. Results: Results show that debt due to university loans predict predicts satisfaction with life (F(2, 148) = 5,95, p = 0,003, R2Adjusted = 0,06; β =-0,16, p = 0,049), but not subjective happiness (p = n.s.) (factors of subjective well-being), nor symptoms of depression (p = n.s.), anxiety (p = n.s.), or stress (p = n.s.) (factors of mental health). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that university students may perceive student debt as an investment which may act as a protective factor of their mental health and subjective well-being.

Abstract Solanum dolichosepalum is a plant with anti-infective effects. It is a healing agent and has ethnopharmacological uses. In this study, the antifungal activity of extracts and fractions of this species on C. albicans and F. oxysporum was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was measured using the ABTS and DPPH methods, and by determining the total content of phenolic compounds. An HPLC-DAD qualitative analysis was carried out to identify phenolic compounds and alkaloids. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. Inhibitory effects were found in all the extracts and fractions on the analyzed microorganisms. F. oxysporum was the microorganism most sensitive to the action of S. dolichosepalum extracts. All extracts and fractions showed antioxidant activity, with the acetone extract and the acetone fraction being those that generated the best results. The content of total phenolic compounds showed that acetone has a greater affinity with the phenolic compounds present in S. dolichosepalum. In this plant, p-Hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, ferulic, trans-cinnamic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and rosmarinic acids were found, as well as theobromine, quercetin, and luteolin. The content of total phenolic compounds was determined to be directly proportional to the inhibition of the ABTS and DPPH radicals, and the inhibition of the analyzed microorganisms. It was determined that the extracts and fractions obtained from S. dolichosepalum show antioxidant and antifungal activity.

Abstract: Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is generally considered monophasic, but recurrences occur in a subgroup of patients with a recurrence rate of 1 to 6%. With the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, reports of GBS have increased, in addition to recurrent GBS. Clinical case: 46-year-old male, who six years ago presented GBS associated with Campylobacter jejuni, with ad integrum recovery; in the last year he presented a GBS recurrence, but with a difference of being more severe and with a descending character, unlike from the first episode. On both occasions, he was treated by the same medical team, managed in a similar way, achieving a later recovery in the second episode. Conclusions: Although there is still controversy in the literature, recurrent GBS occurs in younger people, and the pictures can be more severe in subsequent episodes.

Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) generalmente se considera monofásico, pero las recurrencias ocurren en un subgrupo de pacientes con tasa de recurrencia de 1 a 6%. Con el advenimiento de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 los reportes del SGB se han incrementado, además de surgir SGB recurrente. Caso clínico: Masculino de 46 años, que seis años atrás presentó SGB asociado con Campylobacter jejuni, con recuperación ad integrum, y acude en esta ocasión con recurrencia del SGB, pero con diferencia de ser más severa la sintomatología y con carácter descendente, a diferencia del primer episodio. En ambas ocasiones fue atendido por el mismo equipo médico, manejado de manera similar, logrando recuperación más tardía en el segundo episodio. Conclusiones: Aunque aún existe controversia en la literatura, el SGB recurrente se presenta en personas más jóvenes y los cuadros pueden ser más severos en los episodios subsecuentes.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Describe characteristics of self-medication of the population, in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional survey with students in a major public Peruvian university. We measured perception of self-medication of the population, as well as characteristics, consequences, and associated factors. RESULTS: A total of 274 students of Pharmacy and biochemistry filled in the questionnaire, 80.3% of which reported to know someone that self-medicated during the COVID-19 pandemic. 98.9 % of surveyed participants considered that the current pandemic increased self-medication practices in the population and that it occurred more frequently when people have symptoms associated with COVID-19 (65.4%). The medicines most frequently used were ivermectin (79.2%), azithromycin (71.2%) and hydroxychloroquine (38.7%). CONCLUSION: According to the surveyed participants, self-medication has increased in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies to prevent these practices are needed, as they could delay adequate medical care.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Describir las características de la automedicación de la población, en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID 19. MÉTODOS: Realizamos una encuesta transversal con estudiantes de una importante universidad pública peruana. Se midió la percepción de la automedicación de la población, así como características, consecuencias y factores asociados. RESULTADOS: Completaron el cuestionario un total de 274 estudiantes de Farmacia y Bioquímica, de los cuales el 80,3% refirió conocer a alguien que se automedicó durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El 98,9% de los encuestados consideró que la pandemia actual aumentó las prácticas de automedicación en la población y que se presentó con mayor frecuencia cuando las personas presentan síntomas asociados al COVID-19 (65,4%). Los medicamentos más utilizados fueron ivermectina (79,2%), azitromicina (71,2%) e hidroxicloroquina (38,7%). CONCLUSIÓN: Según los participantes encuestados, la automedicación ha aumentado en la población general durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se necesitan estrategias para prevenir estas prácticas, ya que podrían retrasar la atención médica adecuada.

Resumen En esta investigación se compara el efecto del modelo de consumo neoliberal en adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, de Quito (Ecuador) y Santiago (Chile). El objetivo es describir estilos de consumo, actitud hacia el dinero y materialismo en adolescentes de ambas ciudades y comparar de acuerdo a país de procedencia y género de los participantes. La muestra abarca 799 adolescentes de entre 14 y 17 años de edad, de Ecuador y Chile, la cual se obtuvo a través de un muestreo por conglomerado bietápico. Los resultados indican diferencias por género y ciudad respecto a la impulsividad en la compra, con los hombres de Quito como quienes tienen una actitud más impulsiva. Y en relación con la actitud hacia la compra se hallaron diferencias significativas por género, observando que los hombres son quienes le dan mayor estatus de poder y felicidad personal.

Abstract The aim of this research is to compare the effect of the incorporation of the neoliberal model according to gender and city of origin of the participants, from the variables of consumption styles, attitude towards money and materialism in adolescents from Santiago and Quito. The sample consisted of 799 adolescents of both sexes between 14 and 19 years of age, residents of both countries through a two-stage conglomerate sampling. The results pointed out differences by gender and city related to purchase impulsiveness, being men from Quito more impulsive; therefore, in relation to purchase attitude differences was found by gender, men give more power status and personal happiness to the successful purchase.

Abstract: Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an avalanche of information about the affectation of different systems including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Objective: Report the first case in the locality with acute respiratory syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 that acutely presented Miller Fisher syndrome and facial diplegia. Clinical case: 46-year-old female who initially presented anosmia, ageusia, right ophthalmoparesis, passing to bilateral ophthalmoplegia, mild ataxia, areflexia, facial diplegia, moderate dysphagia, albumine-cytological dissociation in CSF and positive test for GD1b-IgG antibodies. Five days earlier, she had developed a cough, malaise, headache, and fatigue. The oropharyngeal smear test for (COVID-19) by the qualitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay was positive, being negative in CSF. Managed with intravenous immunoglobulin and acetaminophen. Two weeks after discharge, she was referred to rehabilitation for the physical management of facial diplegia. Conclusions: The first case of Miller Fisher syndrome and cranial polyneuritis during the COVID-19 pandemic is reported in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico. Neurological manifestations can occur due to an aberrant immune response to COVID-19.

Resumen: Introducción: La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 ha ocasionado una avalancha de información sobre la afectación de diferentes sistemas, incluyendo al sistema nervioso central y periférico. Objetivo: Informar el primer caso en la localidad con síndrome respiratorio agudo por SARS-CoV-2 que presentó de forma aguda el síndrome de Miller Fisher y diplejía facial. Caso clínico: Mujer de 46 años que presentó anosmia, ageusia, oftalmoparesia derecha inicialmente, pasando a oftalmoplejía bilateral, discreta ataxia, arreflexia, diplejía facial, disfagia moderada, disociación albúmino-citológica en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y prueba positiva de anticuerpos GD1b-IgG. Cinco días antes, había desarrollado tos, malestar general, dolor de cabeza y fatiga. La prueba de frotis orofaríngeo para COVID-19 mediante el ensayo cualitativo de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa en tiempo real fue positiva, siendo negativa en LCR. Manejada con inmunoglobulina intravenosa y acetaminofén. Dos semanas después de su alta, fue derivada a rehabilitación para manejo fisiátrico de la diplejía facial. Conclusiones: Se reporta el primer caso en León, Guanajuato, México de síndrome de Miller Fisher y polineuritis craneal durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Las manifestaciones neurológicas pueden ocurrir debido a una respuesta inmune aberrante al COVID-19.

Abstract: There are a series of canvasses by Dutch painters from the 15th and 16th centuries that deal with “The extraction of the stone of madness”, the most characteristic and well-known is the one painted in 1480 by Hieronymus Bosch “El Bosco”. This writing arises from the analysis of the multiple comments that have been made on it by art critics, psychiatrists, philologists and art historians; hence the convenience of a neurosurgical view of this painting and several other ones contemporary to it.

Resumen: Existen una serie de cuadros de pintores holandeses de los siglos XV y XVI que tratan de “La extracción de la piedra de la locura”, siendo el más característico y conocido el pintado en 1480 por Hieronymus Bosch “El Bosco”. El escrito surge del análisis de los múltiples comentarios que se han vertido sobre la misma por críticos del arte, psiquiatras, filólogos e historiadores del arte; de ahí la conveniencia de una visión neuroquirúrgica de este cuadro y varios relacionados que corresponden a la época.

ABSTRACT Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) does not have a specific fertilization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth, photosynthesis and accumulation of macro and micronutrients of habanero pepper plants. Plants were established in nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic systems. Two universal balanced solutions (Steiner and Hoagland) were compared versus a conventional solution (control: Soria solution). The concentration of macro and micronutrients in roots, stems, and leaves, photosynthetic activity of plants, total nitrate, amino acid and protein contents, and growth parameters were evaluated. According to the results, concentrations of K, Mg, Ca, Cu and Zn in plant tissues were higher in the Steiner and Hoagland treatments than control. In addition, the Steiner and Hoagland treatments increased the maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) (81% and 80% respectively), light-saturated CO2 assimilation rate (Asat) (3.8-fold and 3-fold, respectively) and maximum catalytic activities of Rubisco (Vcmax) (51% and 30% respectively) with respect to the control. Hoagland treatment increased total nitrate content (3.66 mg g-1 FW), but Steiner treatment increased amino acids in leaves (169.97 mg g-1 FW) and control increased total proteins (1.49 mg g-1 FW). Steiner and Hoagland solutions significantly increased plant height (59% and 41% respectively), leaf area (1.26-fold and 1.02-fold, respectively), and total dry mass (80% and 69% respectively) with respect to the control solution. The results suggest that Steiner and Hoagland nutrient solutions provided nutrients that improve growth and photosynthetic activity. Moreover, total nitrate, amino acid and protein accumulation depend on the N source employed in nutrient solutions.